High-throughput sequencing (HTS) technologies have revolutionized plant virus research and diagnostics by accelerating the discovery of new viruses and by providing a sensitive untargeted approach for the detection of viruses. The latter, together with high data-generation potential of HTS, enables discovery of new and emerging viruses from diverse hosts, archived or ancient samples, and untargeted virus detection in diverse matrices, as well as research on a broad range of topics, such as plant virus epidemiology, diversity, and evolution. Many new plant virus discoveries, increased availability of sequence data, and a lagging biological characterization of HTS-based findings call for a broad consideration on harmonization of sequencing and data analysis approaches, as well as the interpretation of the results from the scientific and regulatory perspective. During this satellite meeting, different aspects of applying HTS in plant virology will be addressed and discussed. Topics will include: discovery and detection of new and emerging viruses; virus diversity, epidemiology, and evolution studies; development of virus detection and identification protocols and validation of HTS-based tests for plant virus diagnostics.